January 25, or The Largest Diamond and Students Day with a Wedding March
Zodiac Sign Aquarius
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Aquarius, January 25. Born on this day often overcome difficulties that can break other people, and yet they live truly interesting and rewarding lives.
How lucky they are depends on time and society. Those who chose to remain unshakable in times of social upheaval or upheaval gain great fortitude. But often their nervous system can not stand it.
Sometimes you even get the impression that fate punishes and rewards those who were born on this day, for no reason at all.
But even in tragic situations, those born on January 25 do not allow themselves to be mentally tormented, striking others with their ability to act dynamically.
Rarely are the problems of these people rooted in their self-motivation, because alone with themselves they seek peace and try to realize their creative energy.
If they can figure out how to stay afloat during the worst storm and not turn off the right course, they can achieve great success.
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Aquarius men born on January 25: Robinho, Xavi Hernández, Sakurai Shō.
- possess the following characteristics:
- cheerful,
- progressive,
- independent.
- Aquarius can challenge the well-established rules, those that are accepted and respected by society, because at its core he is a rebel, and sometimes a provocateur of rebellion.
- On the other hand, in some insignificant trifles, they can be scrupulous, giving them undeserved importance.
Aquarius women born on January 25: Virginia Woolf, Alicia Keys, Hwang Jung-eum.
- are not like others with such qualities:
- inquisitive,
- original,
- good.
- The earthly path of these individuals cannot be called simple and carefree, they will have to overcome difficult obstacles that can break other people.
Main event
The largest diamond "Cullinan" was found
January 25, 1905
Cullinan (or "Star of Africa") is the largest diamond in the world. Its weight was 3106.75 carats (621.35 grams), the dimensions are 100 x 65 x 50 mm.
The diamond found on January 25, 1905 in South Africa in the ''Premier'' mine and was probably a fragment of a very large octahedral crystal that was not found. The stone was named after the owner of the mine, Thomas Cullinan.
On November 9, 1907, the government of the Colony of the Transvaal (since 1902 the colony of England), presented the diamond ''Kullinan'' to the English king Edward VII on his birthday. The king entrusted faceting to the famous Dutch firm "I.J Asscher diamond company" (now "Royal Asscher Diamond Company).
Over the cut of the largest diamond worked company's founder, the best cutter of Europe, Josef Assher. He had a unique ability to "open" a stone: for this, it was required to find a point on the surface of the diamond, polishing it, you can "look inside" the diamond and calculate one stroke that will break the stone along the existing cracks and release it from extraneous inclusions. The diamond "Cullinan" had cracks, so it was impossible to make one giant diamond from it. In 1908 Asher studied a unique diamond for several months before making a barely noticeable scratch on it. After that, in the presence of several famous jewelers, in solemn silence, Asher put a chisel on a diamond with a hammer and struck it with a hammer, immediately losing consciousness with excitement. But the calculation was correct - after recovering himself, Asher struck a few more blows on the fragments he had received.
As a result, he received from ''Cullinan'': 2 very large monolithic blocks, 7 medium ones and about one hundred smallest fragments of purest water of bluish-white color.
It took two years to cut the fragments from the "Cullian" fragments: only 2 huge, 7 large and 96 small diamonds were made, their total weight was 1063.65 carats
"Cullinan I" or "Big Star of Africa" - (530.2 carats)
Decorates the scepter of the English King Edward VII. It is stored in the Tower, London. If the "Cullinan I" is taken out of the scepter, then it could be worn as a brooch.
It was the largest cut diamond in the world until 1990, when a yellow-brown diamond weighing 547.67 carats, which received the name "Golden Jubilee" in 1995, surpassed it.
"Cullinan II" or "Second Star of Africa" - (317.4 carats)
Located in the crown of the British Empire under the ruby "The Black Prince". It is stored in the Tower, London. It can also be used as a brooch with ''Cullinan I''.
"Cullinan III" ( 94.4 carats) and "Cullinan IV" ( 63.3 carats) - "Small Stars of Africa".
In 1910, Queen Maria, the wife of George V, wore a pear-shaped brooch (III), suspended to a square shaped diamond (IV). Queen Mary often wore the "Small Stars of Africa" as a brooch for important official events, including the wedding of Princess Elizabeth in 1947. "Cullinan IV" - 63.6 carats, was inserted into the crown of Queen Mary, the wife of George V, in 1911. In 1959, at the exhibition "Eternal Diamond" in London was presented in a brooch. It is stored in the Tower, London.
"Cullinan V" - "Brooch of the Heart" (18.8 carats)
A stone of unusual shape, in the form of a heartю. The government of South Africa gave to the Queen Maria in 1910. With a set of diamonds and platinum, it was made as a brooch, and was also used as a removable center for an emerald-diamond corsage decoration made for Delhi Durbar (Assemblies in honor of the coronation of British monarchs as emperors of India) in 1911.
"Cullinan VI" - diamond cut "Marquis" (8.8 carats)
A gift to Queen Alexander in 1907 from Edward VII; after the death of her husband, she gave it to the new queen Mary. Queen Mary decided to change the Necklace of Delhi Durbar in 1912, adding "Cullinan VI" as a removable diamond pendant.
"Cullinan VII" (11.5 carats) and "Cullinan VIII" (6.8 carats) - a brooch.
"Cullinan IX" - (4.4 carats)
A diamond of a pear-shaped form, is inserted into the ring.
Holidays
Mendelssohn’s Wedding March
In 1858, the first performance of Mendelssohn’s wedding march took place.
In fact, the internationally recognized “Wedding March” by Felix Mendelssohn-Bertoldi was written in 1843 for William Shakespeare’s play “A Midsummer Night's Dream”.
Fifteen years later, the English princess Victoria Adelgeid chose this march for the marriage ceremony with the crown prince of Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm IV.
From this day, the march of Mendelssohn became the most popular wedding march.
Student's Day II
Referring to the history of this glorious holiday, you can once again admire the cleverness of the Slavs, who can, at least semi-official, but celebrate twice every holiday. Judge for yourself: all the students of the world celebrate their Day on November 17 (in memory of the Czechoslovak students and university professors destroyed by the Nazi occupation authorities in 1939), and soothes.
But on Tatiana's Day, January 25, 1755, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna signed the decree “On the Establishment of Moscow University” and it became an official university day.
Since then, the holy Tatiana is considered the patroness of students. By the way, the very ancient name "Tatiana" in Greek means "organizer."
In the 60-70 years. XIX century Tatiana's day turned into an unofficial student holiday. In addition, student vacations time began on this day, and the student fraternity always celebrated this event with joy. The celebration had traditions and ritual - solemn acts were organized with the distribution of awards and speeches.
And traditions still alive today. The student fraternity arranged wide celebrations over a hundred years ago, and in the XXI century prefers to celebrate its holiday noisily and cheerfully.
By the way, on this day even extremely drunk students were not touched with the police. And if they were approaching, they were inquiring: “Does the student need help?”
Also on January 25...
1759 - Robert Burns, a Scottish poet, was born.
1799 - mechanical seeder patented in the USA.
1874 - William Somerset Maugham, English prose writer and playwright, was born.
1882 - Virginia Woolf, English writer, was born.
1852 - Thaddeus Bellingshausen, a Russian navigator, leader of the first Antarctic expedition to the sloops Vostok and Mirny, during which the White Continent (1820) was discovered, died.
1890 - Elizabeth Jane Cochrane, reporter for the New York World newspaper, known under the pseudonym Nellie Bly, completed a world tour in order to exceed the achievement of Jules Verne’s novel ''Around the World in 80 Days''. And she succeeded!
Having traveled around the world on November 14, 1889 (on the route New York - London - Paris - Brindisi - Suez - Ceylon - Singapore - Hong Kong - Yokohama - San Francisco - New York) she completed it in 72 days 6 hours 10 minutes 11 seconds.
1915 - Alexander Graham Bell demonstrates for the first time the possibilities of the telephone he invented by connecting New York with San Francisco.
1917 - the English cruiser "Laurentik" was blown up on a German mine in the Irish Sea, carrying 3,211 gold bars; 350 people died.
1938 - due to high solar activity, the northern lights were observed in Western Europe.
1949 - The American Emmy television award was first presented (the television equivalent of the Oscar award). The name "Emmy" comes from the word "immy" - the so-called cathode tube in the first television cameras.
1990 - Awa Gardner, an American actress, one of the brightest Hollywood stars of the 1940s and 1950s, died.
1990 - Pakistan Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto became the first prime minister in world history to gave birth to a baby.
1993 - the first in the history art exhibition of works by Igor Podolchak was held at the Mir space station.
1995 - The launch of a meteorological rocket off the coast of Norway put the world in the face of the threat of an exchange of nuclear strikes between Russia and the United States.
2000 - In Valencia, the world's largest towel is represented - measuring 9.4 by 14.46 meters and weighing 67 kg.
2004 - the second American rover "Opportunity" landed on the surface of Mars.
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