June 13, or Albinism and Mobile Phone
Zodiac Sign Gemini
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Gemini, June 13. Those born on this day are in constant search, absorbed in dreams of distant lands and adventures.
However, the search for adventure is by no means limited to travel to overseas, it may well result in the study of mythology and metaphysics, past and future.
Even in their youth, those born on June 13 absorb a passion for exploring other worlds, which remains with them for life.
The most successful and enlightened personalities born on this day realize their fantasies in business, science or art.
Less ambitious individuals keep their dreams a secret, and although they do not make them come true, they maintain their tone largely thanks to them.
However, such people should be wary of the outbursts of irritation inevitable when realizing who they really have become and who they would like to become many years ago.
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Gemini men born on June 13:
- can be proud of the following characteristics:
- eloquent,
- inquisitive,
- intelligent,
- patience.
- To conquer such a man, you need to give up hackneyed phrases, show your intelligence and out-of-the-box thinking.
- Gemini men value in women, first of all, brains and a sense of humor.
Gemini women born on June 13:
- are not like others with such differences of nature:
- inventive,
- malleable,
- transforming.
- Games are Gemini's favorite pastime.
- They adore experimentation and risk falling madly in love with someone who can seriously surprise and conquer - not by impudence and primitive courtship, but by graceful and non-standard moves.
International Day for the Distribution of Information on Albinism
On June 13, the International Albinism Awareness Day, established by the resolution of the UN General Assembly (A / RES / 69/170) of December 18, 2014, is celebrated worldwide. Starting in 2015, it was decided to celebrate annually.
People with albinism face many forms of discrimination around the world. Albinism is still misunderstood both socially and medically. Often, the appearance of people suffering from albinism, becomes the object of ridicule and misconceptions and myths, formed under the influence of superstition.
All this contributes to the marginalization and social isolation of these individuals, and leads to various forms of discrimination. In some communities, false beliefs and myths, rooted in the strong influence of superstition, are constantly jeopardizing the safety and lives of people with albinism. These age-old representations and myths are embedded in cultural traditions and customs throughout the world.
Therefore, in 2013, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a resolution calling on states to take effective measures to eliminate any kind of discrimination against people suffering from albinism. And also initiate activities in the field of education and raise public awareness of this disease.
Albinism in humans
Albinism is a hereditary disease associated with impaired pigment metabolism in the body. With this pathology there is a deficiency of melanin (in animals) or chlorophyll (in plants) - a special substance that imparts color to the skin, pigment and iris, eyes, hair, nails. It would seem that such, if the matter is only in the color of the skin, eyes, hair? But not everything is so simple actually.
The absence or decrease of melanin content leads to the appearance of not only cosmetic defects, but also a number of health problems. In particular, it is intolerance to sunlight, impaired vision. Albinos have a higher risk of developing skin cancer. Albinism is not a disease that threatens the patient's life, but can significantly affect its quality.
The causes of albinism
In humans, the color of the skin, hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, iris is determined by heredity. This means that each of us is born with the programmed color of the skin and its appendages, the color of the eyes. The true color of the skin is determined in areas that are not exposed to sunlight (buttock area).
Albinism - is the result of gene disorders, and the most diverse. In the human body, there are several genes that determine the color of the above structures. Any mutation in at least one of them leads to a violation of the pigment content of melanin and, accordingly, to the occurrence of albinism. This means that albinism is a congenital disease, although not always immediately apparent. Albinism can be inherited by subsequent generations, both dominantly and recessively (that is, to manifest itself in all generations or only when two pathological genes coincide). The mutation itself can arise spontaneously, that is, in the absence of a similar problem in the genus.
Treatment
Albinism, as a genetic disease, is classified as incurable. Existing methods of treatment are, in fact, symptomatic. They include:
- correction of visual acuity with the help of glasses or contact lenses;
- use of sunglasses when going out;
- Wearing clothes made of natural fabrics, covering the skin as much as possible, as well as using headdresses with wide margins;
- use of sunscreens and lotions regardless of the season;
- with incomplete albinism, beta-carotene can be used to give the skin a yellow hue (90-180 mg per day).
- Currently, molecular genetics is developing methods of treatment to combat genetic mutations.
Perhaps, when scientists can "repair" genes, eliminating mutations, albinism will pass into the category of radically curable diseases. But so far this is the prerogative of the future.
- Thus, albinism is a genetic disease that can not be classified as severe or dangerous.
- Its main manifestations are disorders of pigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes.
- Albinism in no way affects life expectancy, does not lead to the development of complications from internal organs.
- This disease causes a person to change their lifestyle, avoid sunlight, constantly wear glasses, sometimes leads to depression (inadequate attitude of others).
- Albinism is not at all dangerous to others, but can be inherited.
- And a lot of myths associated with this mysterious disease are completely groundless.
Holidays
Mobile Phone Birthday
On June 13, 1983, Motorola released the first commercial mobile phone, the DynaTAC 8000X.
The first mobiles went on sale, of course, in America. A device called Motorola's Dynatac 8000x weighed almost 800 g, and its length was 33 cm - not very convenient. Later, for his form, he received the nickname "bone", and evil tongues claimed that if you drop it in the apartment, the sound of the fall will be heard two floors below.
Nevertheless, it was already possible to call on him, but to speak no more than half an hour - then the battery sat down. The new freedom of communication was also not too cheap - the device cost almost 4000 dollars.
Actually, the mobile phone was invented ten years earlier. Martin Cooper, an engineer at Motorola, originally designed it for police radio communications, so that the sheriffs do not have to run to the car every time they were called by the center or if they themselves had to pass on information. Now they could have the phone with them, but the transmitter itself remained in the car.
Then Cooper came up with the idea that the entire device could be made portable, and then, as legend has it, he and his group constructed a sample in six weeks. On April 3, 1973, he was the first who call from Manhattan street to the head of the research division of AT & T, a rival firm, to tell him the good news.
True, then it took another ten years for a mobile phone to become available to everyone (who could pay for it), but this was due mainly to the need to create a network of cellular towers, as well as to obtain the necessary licenses and operating permits. It is clear that everything takes time.
Also on June 13...
1373 - England and Portugal signed a treaty of union (the oldest in the world).
1773 - Thomas Jung was born, an English physicist, astronomer and orientalist. Jung developed the wave theory of light, discovered the phenomenon of interference (and gave it this name), was engaged in decoding Egyptian hieroglyphs from the famous Rosetta stone (read 30 of them).
1782 - the last known case of execution for witchcraft was recorded in Switzerland (Anna Geldi was executed).
1825 - New York mechanic Walter Hunt patented a safety pin. He had to urgently pay a debt of $ 15, and there was no money. After thinking a couple of hours, he made a sketch of a simple wire fastener. At one end it had an annular spring, and at the other end there was a plate lock (“receiver”) for the needle tip. And then he sold the rights to his invention for $ 400.
1831 - born James Maxwell, English physicist, one of the pioneers of statistical physics and classical electrodynamics.
1893 - American Thomas Stewart patented a mop in the form of a bundle of ropes. The young man came up with his invention not from a good life, but in order to facilitate his cleaning work. The initial version of floor cleaning equipment was a piece of clothing attached to the end of the stick.
1920 - United States Postal Service adopted a rule prohibiting sending children by parcels.
1940 - Goyko Mitic, a Yugoslav film actor, was born “Indian” in DEFA films.
1942 - US President Franklin Roosevelt decided to create the Office of Strategic Services, later to become the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of the United States.
1943 - Malcolm McDowell (real name Malcolm John Taylor), English actor of theater and cinema (“Caligula”, “Regicide”, “A Clockwork Orange”) was born.
1953 - Tim Allen was born, an American actor, winner of a nominal star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1955 - in the USSR a message was published about the discovery of the kimberlite pipe ''Mir'', which became a famous diamond deposit in Yakutia.
1966 - Pope Paul VI abolished the Index of Prohibited Books, introduced by Pope Paul IV earlier in 1557.
1981 - born Chris Evans, American actor, who played Captain America in the ''First Avenger'' and ''The Avengers'' movie-comics.
1983 - American space probe "Pioneer-10" crossed the orbit of Neptune and became the first human creation, left the limits of the Solar System.
1986 - Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen were born, American twin actresses.
2000 - the first meeting between the leaders of North and South Korea.
2009 - riots in Tehran after the victory of Ahmadinejad in the presidential elections in Iran.
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