September 17, or US Constitution and Emperor
Zodiac Sign Virgo
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Virgo, September 17. Creative people or not, born on this day are well known for their resilience in achieving goals.
Although it may take them many years (it seems that they are not at all upset), they are not only able to intelligently build a career and achieve noticeable growth, but also know how to stay at the top for a long time.
It is difficult to approach those born on this day and even harder to put pressure on them.
Once their purpose is defined, no matter high or modest, it is virtually impossible to stop them. It is difficult to imagine that some plans of those born on September 17 will remain unfulfilled. If they have a wild desire - not being able to swim, to cross the Atlantic Ocean alone - it will certainly be fulfilled.
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Virgo men born on September 17:
- are distinguished by the following distinctive features:
- loyal,
- efficient,
- kind,
- conscientious,
- capable.
- Virgo man can like only a woman who is ideal in every sense - modest, well-mannered, educated, with an impeccable appearance, inaccessible and mysterious.
- You should not expect surprises or explosive emotions from a Virgo man.
- It is stable, consistent, and very predictable.
- He performs all his actions according to a clear plan, understanding the logic of which, you can understand the man himself.
Virgo women born on September 17:
- stand out for special differences in nature:
- modest,
- dependent,
- neat.
- Virgos strive for excellence in everything - in their careers, and in relationships, and in appearance.
- Coquetry is alien to them, but false modesty is also an atypical feature of Virgos.
- They with dignity accept well-deserved compliments and courtship, but do not flatter them.
- Virgo women are well versed in people, they are difficult to deceive or mislead.
Main event
Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia adopted the US Constitution
September 17, 1787
The US Constitution was drafted and adopted by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787. The participants of the Convention were called "founding fathers", which, formulating the provisions of the Constitution, set themselves three main political goals: to stop the further development of the revolution, to create a solid state on a federate basis, to protect securely and guarantee private property rights.September 17, 1787
Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington.
The text of the Constitution did not include provisions guaranteeing the political, personal and procedural rights of citizens. However, under the pressure of public opinion and democratic legislators in the states, Congress was forced in 1789 to adopt the draft Bill of Rights - the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, which proclaimed a number of political, personal and procedural rights of citizens.
In the foundation of the constitutional system of the American state, three basic legal principles are laid: separation of powers, federalism and judicial constitutional supervision.
The US Constitution is the oldest and shortest in the world basic law. It consists of a preamble and 7 articles, and with some amendments (27 amendments) is still valid. For its era, it was an outstanding democratic and revolutionary document. The secret of its longevity is a classical and abstract norms containing universal constitutional values.
The Founding Fathers worked out a document that had a historical impact on the constitutional development of many states of the world, on the establishment and development of such democratic institutions as people's sovereignty, popular representation, parliamentarism, and separation of powers.
The original of the US Constitution is kept in the National Archives of the United States in Washington, where it is displayed in a specially equipped showcase together with the Declaration of Independence.
And in honor of this event, which occurred in 1787, the US established a holiday - Constitution Day and Citizenship in the United States.
Constitution Day and Citizenship Day in the USA
The original of the US Constitution is kept in the National Archives of the United States in Washington.
Many US citizens - both those born in the US and those who accepted citizenship, regardless of nationality and religion - celebrate this holiday, although it is not a public day off.
Before the adoption of the Constitution, the United States lived under the Articles of Confederation.
In 1940, Congress proclaimed the 3rd Sunday of May as the Day of America, which was later renamed Constitution Day and shifted to September. Interestingly, the people of America, who celebrated this event on the 3rd Sunday of May, did not change the tradition.
Annually on this holiday, the US Department of Education develops methodical guides, mandates and recommendations for schoolchildren and students. This day is marked by inspirational speeches about the rights and honorary duties of every citizen.
During the Constitution Week, lessons are taught on the history of its creation, signing, students read and quote passages. Secured citizens made donations to charitable foundations.
Joshua Abraham Norton proclaimed himself Emperor of the United States and took on the title of His Imperial Majesty Emperor of the United States Norton I and Protector of Mexico
Image of His Imperial Majesty Emperor Norton I, also known as Joshua A Norton
The announcement was first reprinted as a joke by the editor of the ''San Francisco Bulletin'' newspaper. Norton later added the Protector of Mexico to his title. Thus began the unprecedented and bizarre 21-year-old “reign of the emperor”.
The emperor’s clothes were old army boots and an overcoat; he walked or rode a bicycle, patrolled the streets and checked how the police performed their work. If the emperor saw that someone was doing a good deed, then he assigned this man a noble title.
When San Francisco residents met the emperor, they paid him respects. As a rule, the emperor did not have any money with him, and he did not need it. The emperor was fed for free in restaurants, and in stores he was given free things he liked. At the restaurants and shops that the emperor liked, there was a sign that read “By Appointment to his Majesty, Emperor Norton the First'' - the number of customers at such restaurants and shops increased (at some restaurants in the city, such signs still now).
The city also paid the emperor housing. Sometimes the emperor paid with banknotes specially made for him, with his own image; banknotes were readily accepted and had collectible value. Banks cashed such banknotes in US dollars when they were presented for redemption. The maturity date of the bonds was 1880. At any theatrical premiere, three seats were reserved for the emperor and his two dogs (Bummer and Lazarus). This trinity was also allowed to attend meetings of the Academy of Sciences of San Francisco and listen to discussions of pundits. The emperor was an honorary and free passenger of coastal steamboats.
Emperor Norton issued decrees and passed them on to newspapers that readily printed them. Many people found this amusing and often bought newspapers only to read the new decree of the emperor.
However, many decrees made people think. For example, Norton dismissed Virginia Governor Wise from office because he ordered to hang John Brown. The abolitionist Brown tried to fight the state forces with just 17 supporters, which, according to the emperor, clearly indicated Brown’s mental illness. Norton ordered, instead of execution, send Brown to the hospital for treatment. Norton forbade the execution of Brown, and many San Francisco residents agreed with him. Brown's execution served as one of the prerequisites for the outbreak of the US Civil War, which began sixteen months later, and the song "John Brown's Body" became a marching song of the northerners.
Accepting "absolute control" over the country, he no longer saw the need for a legislative body, the US Congress. On December 12, 1859, he issued a decree that "dissolves" the United States Congress.
By another decree, Emperor Norton imposed a fine of $ 25 and forbade the use of the word "Frisco" instead of the name of the city of San Francisco. Even today, residents of San Francisco urge city guests not to call the great city “Frisco” .
A large Chinese diaspora lived in San Francisco in those days. Some San Francisco residents thought there were too many Chinese living in the city. An anti-Chinese committee was organized, and its members intended to organize a pogrom in the Chinese region. Many knew about this plan, but no one took any action to stop the violence. One night, after a rally, committee members headed for Chinatown. When the rioters were already on their way, they were blocked by a man who stood alone in the middle of the street, his head bowed low, not moving; it seemed like he was praying. The crowd of rioters silently stopped. They recognized the blue uniform and the gilded buttons of the emperor’s uniform. The crowd slowly and silently turned back.
Perhaps the most famous decree of Emperor Norton was a decree ordering the leadership of the cities of San Francisco and Auckland to connect the cities with a bridge, which was ordered to be thrown over a small island in the harbor of San Francisco. City leaders ignored the decree, and the emperor issued a decree on their removal from office in case of further failure to comply with his decrees. Of course, the mayors remained in office, but did not build a bridge and tunnel. However, years later, a bridge was built between San Francisco and Auckland and a tunnel under the bay San Francisco was almost along the same route as the emperor had prescribed in his decree. In December 2004, the idea was put forward to name the bridge from San Francisco to Auckland by his name.
During a walk on January 8, 1880, Emperor Norton fell and died on the corner of California Street and Dupont Street (now Grant Avenue). The next day, the ''San Francisco Chronicle'' printed four words in French throughout the entire central page of the newspaper: “LE ROI EST MORT” (“The King Is Dead”). The newspaper reported the death of one of the most famous citizens of the city. The article said that Joshua Norton did not have real money to pay for the funeral. Norton died in utter poverty.
Almost immediately, representatives of the city’s business community collected the amount necessary for the funeral. According to various sources, from 10 - 30 thousand people came to the funeral (at that time 210 thousand people lived in San Francisco). They considered it necessary to show respect to the deceased “... all classes from the capitalists to the poor, priests, pickpockets, smart ladies and those who helped outcast society”. The funeral procession stretched two miles (3 km) in length.
Recall
''... Of all our visitors, I liked Emperor Norton the most. Having mentioned it, I come to the conclusion that I have not yet paid tribute to the inhabitants of San Francisco. In what other city would a harmless madman who imagines himself emperor of both Americas be surrounded by such affectionate attention? Where else would street passers reckon with his illusions? Where else would bankers and merchants let him into their offices, take his checks, and agree to pay him “small taxes”? Where else would he be allowed to attend ceremonies at schools and colleges and address those present? Where else in the whole Divine world could he, having ordered and - having eaten the most exquisite dishes in the restaurant, quietly leave and pay nothing? They even said that he was very picky and, remaining dissatisfied, threatened to completely stop visiting such a restaurant.''
Also on September 17...
1789 - English astronomer William Herschel discovered Mimas, a satellite of the planet Saturn.
1793 - France adopted the “Law on Suspicious”, declaring enemies of the people all those, who did not receive a certificate of trustworthiness.
1823 - Abraham-Louis Breguet (b. 1747), Swiss-French watchmaker, inventor and mechanical scientist, died. Known for his improvements in the watch movement and many important discoveries in the field of mechanics and physics, the creator of the ''Breguet'' brand.
1901 - Francis Chichester (d. 1972) was born, an Englishman who committed in 1966-1967. first round-the-world trip on a single yacht "Gypsy Mot IV".
1910 - in London, doctors suggested that if the number of lunatics increases at the same rate as before, then in 40 years the number of crazy people will become more than reasonable.
1922 - first public screening of a sound film in the world took place in Berlin.
1923 - Hank Williams (d. 1953) was born, an American performer, "father" of modern country music.
1935 - Ken Kesey was born (d. 2001), an American writer ("Flying Over the Cuckoo's Nest").
1935 - Ken Kesey was born (d. 2001), an American writer ("Flying Over the Cuckoo's Nest").
1951 - Cassandra Peterson, an American film actress, best known in the image of ''Elvira, the Lady of Darkness'' in film and television, was born.
1959 - 131 priests deported from Cuba.
1969 - Keith Flint was born, dancer and vocalist of the British electronic band ''The Prodigy''.
1991 - Linus Torvalds published the source code for ''Linux'', the kernel of the operating system.
1994 - Karl Popper (b. 1902), English philosopher, creator of the theory of an open society, died.
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