October 13, or Zero Meridian and Disaster Reduction Day
Zodiac Sign Libra
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Libra, October 13. Born on this day take their professional life seriously.
They think about their careers and take pride in their performance.
Extremely tough, they are dangerous enemies and they know how to overcome resistance through endurance and arrogance.
They believe that everyone should obey them - without any reservations.
Unfortunately, those born on this day can be inflexible and vindictive.
It is difficult for them to be happy for a long time, they are critical of what is happening around.
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Libra men born on October 13:
- boast the following features:
- harmonious,
- aesthetic,
- objective,
- dreamy.
- The Libra man is an excellent psychologist and advisor.
- However, he himself hardly decides to take a crucial step, so the best companion for him is a woman who will be a support and assistant, instill confidence and help achieve his goals.
- A family idyll for the representative of this sign is the main reward.
Libra women born on October 13:
- endowed with the following properties:
- patient,
- sociable,
- aesthetic,
- delicate.
- Libra women are a little conservative, they like it when you can understand in advance what will happen next, they are not prone to adventures.
- Conservatism is also manifested in the appearance of Libra women: having found their own style, they do not change it for many years.
- They dress elegantly and tastefully, but do not follow fashion trends, and extravagance and outrageousness are completely unacceptable for them.
The place of path of the zero meridian GMT approved
October 13, 1884
Thousands of tourists are photographed on the line of zero meridian.
The history of establishing the place of passage of the meridian, from which the counting of longitude begins, that is, zero (denoted as zero degrees) is quite ancient, since the calculation of location on the map and the cartography itself has been going on since ancient times.
However, the period of the Great Geographical Discoveries, the expansion of the horizon for seafarers and the growing importance of maritime communications and maritime trade in the economies of many countries around the world, as well as the increasingly perceived need for uniformity of the cartographic system, led to the international discussion about decision on where the zero meridian located.
Today we know that the Greenwich meridian is the zero meridian, that is, the meridian passing through the observatory of Greenwich in the UK. Defining it as zero is not associated with any important geographical calculations and did not require this when choosing it.
This line, in opposite to the line of the equator, is conditional, but it allows to achieve uniformity in cartography and calculus of location. In addition, the establishment of a single zero meridian contributed to the establishment of uniformity in the definition of time, since this line became the conditional point of the initial phase of the Earth’s rotation.
The conventionality of the zero meridian before 1884 led to the fact that many states installed their own zero meridian on their maps, which often passed through the main observatory of these countries. Nautical charts were the first who came to a system of uniformity, since the absence thereof led to certain difficulties and additional time costs. So, obtaining location information from a ship of another state required checking with own maps and shifting one's own coordinate system to another one in the case when both ships used different zero meridians.
Similar difficulties shows up in determining the time, which in the conditions of the development of the railway system, which accelerated the processes of movement between areas, only added confusion.
Zero meridian line at the Greenwich Observatory
As for the Greenwich meridian, it was first installed as a zero in 1851.
Twenty years later, the International Geographical Congress took place in Antwerp, which proposed using the Greenwich meridian as zero on all nautical charts. All subsequent International Geographical Congresses and geodetic conferences continued at their meetings the discussion of the question of the zero meridian on the maritime and geographical maps.
In 1884, at the Washington Conference, which went down in history as the Meridian, it was decided to make the Greenwich Meridian a zero on all maps and recommend that all states follow this.
In addition, one of the most important decisions of the conference was the recommendation to use the Greenwich Mean Time calculator as universal time. The beginning of the average solar (world or universal) day was taken as the time of midnight at the zero meridian, and their duration was calculated from 0 to 24 hours. These and other decisions of the Washington Conference were formalized in the form of a resolution adopted on October 13, 1884.
International Day for Disaster Reduction
The United Nations General Assembly, proclaiming in 1989 the “International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction”, declared the second Wednesday of October “International Disaster Reduction Day” and decided to celebrate it annually during 1990-1999.
In 2001, the General Assembly decided to continue to celebrate this International Day annually, considering it one of the tools to foster a culture of disaster risk reduction, including natural disaster prevention, mitigation and preparedness.
In 2009, the General Assembly, focusing on the importance of reducing the risk of all disasters, renamed this day “International Day for Disaster Reduction” and decided to celebrate it on 13 October.
Also on October 13...
54 - the wife of the Roman emperor Claudius poisoned him with mushrooms.
1307 - on the orders of King Philippe IV de France, all French Templars were simultaneously arrested. Hence the concept of "Friday the 13th."
1792 - the first stone was laid in the foundation of the residence of the President of the United States, which since 1809 became known as the "White House", and in 1902 this name of the building was legalized.
1821 - Rudolf Virchow (d. 1902) was born, a German pathologist and physiologist, the first to describe leukemia, a politician.
1900 - Sigmund Freud's main book, ''The Interpretation of Dreams'', was published.
1917 - Fatima miracle. A series of events in the Portuguese city of Fatima. According to the assurances of the three children, they repeatedly saw appeared “lady” (later associated with the Virgin Mary) and transmitted messages with calls of a religious nature and prophecy (concerning the fate of the world and, above all, Russia). Recognized by the Catholic Church as a true miracle.
1921 - Yves Montand (d. 1991) was born, a French actor and singer.
1925 - Margaret Thatcher (d. 2013) was born, the 71st Prime Minister of Great Britain (1979-1990).
1926 - Gleb Maksimov (d. 2001), a Soviet and Russian scientist, design engineer, creator of the world's first artificial Earth satellite, was born.
1926 - Ray Brown (d. 2002) was born, an American musician, one of the best jazz double bass players.
1941 - Robert (Bob) Hunter (d. 2005) was born, a Canadian journalist, co-founder of ''Greenpeace''.
1956 - Chris Carter, an American screenwriter and producer (''The X-Files'' series) was born.
1957 - at the State Meeting, Mao Zedong (Mao Zedong) said: "Do not read a lot of books."
1958 - the first publication of a book about the Paddington Bear.
1987 - Walter Brattain (b. 1902), American physicist, one of the developers of the transistor, Nobel laureate (1956) died.
2010 - in Copiapó, Chile the mining accident ends as all 33 trapped miners arrive at the surface after a record 69 days underground.
2013 - in India, during the Hindu festival Navratri, a stampede occurs, killing 115 and injuring more than 110.
2016 - Maldives announces decision to get out of from the Commonwealth of Nations.
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